The Calgary-Cambridge model for PLAB 2 consultations

Under exam pressure, a reliable structure is what stops you freezing. The Calgary-Cambridge model is a widely taught framework that maps a consultation from start to finish while reminding you to build the relationship throughout. Internalise it and almost any PLAB 2 station becomes navigable.

The five phases

1. Initiating the session — greet, introduce yourself, and open with the patient’s agenda.
2. Gathering information — explore the complaint and the patient’s perspective (ideas, concerns and expectations).
3. Physical examination — where relevant to the station.
4. Explanation and planning — share information clearly and agree a plan together.
5. Closing the session — summarise, safety-net and check understanding.

Two threads run throughout

Alongside the phases, the model emphasises two continuous tasks: building the relationship (rapport, empathy, picking up cues) and providing structure (signposting, summarising). These are exactly the behaviours the PLAB 2 Interpersonal Skills domain rewards.

Why it works in the exam

Because the model is generic, it adapts to history, explanation, relatives and many other stations. Having one structure means you spend less mental energy on “what next?” and more on listening to the patient.

Common pitfalls

• Skipping the patient’s perspective (ICE) and jumping to a plan.
• Forgetting to signpost, so the consultation feels disorganised.
• Never summarising, missing an easy chance to check understanding.

Practise applying this structure across different ZWIP stations until it becomes second nature — then the framework runs in the background while you focus on the patient.